Positive Psychological Effects of BDSM Practices and Their Implications for Psychological and Psychotherapeutic Work: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

In the context of the frequent stigmatisation of BDSM
practices, the aim of this review was to identify potential
positive effects of BDSM practices on the psychological
functioning of individuals. Additionally, the factors and
mechanisms underlying these positive effects will be
highlighted to guide improvements in psychological and
psychotherapeutic practices. After a systematic review of 181
articles, 9 studies were identified that examined the positive
effects of BDSM practices. It was found that these practices
positively impact self-awareness, authenticity, and a departure
from adult responsibilities. Additionally, they can improve
partner relationships by enhancing communication skills,
negotiation abilities, and trust. Positive effects are contributed
by BDSM practices through physical touch, open
communication, and the formation of a community that
provides safety and well-being for its members. Furthermore,
research reports the possibility of transcendental states of
consciousness among participants, which bring positive
effects on psychological, emotional, and physical levels.